Hongarije
Reference can be made to old-age, disability, accident disability, widow’s and parent’s pensions and orphan’s benefit.
In the framework of compulsory pension insurance, in Hungary a so-called mixed system consisting of two pillars operates. Pillar I operates as a “service-defined pay-as-you-go system†and represents a share of around ¾. Pillar II is a private pension scheme operating on the payment-defined capital contributions principle and within the organizational framework of the private pension fund, and provides around ¼ of pension services.
The retirement age is generally upon reaching 62 for both men and women. Minimum insurance (period of service): in pillar I, 15 years’ insurance and contribution payments time is required for the part pension, and 20 years must be performed for full pension entitlement. There is no minimum private pension scheme membership time stipulated in pillar II.
For those covered by the social insurance pension scheme, pension contributions of 8.5% must be paid by insurance policyholders, while members of private pension funds pay 0.5%.
Insured persons are entitled to disability pension who:
1. have lost at least 67% capacity to work as a result of health deterioration, and physical or mental illness, and no improvement is anticipated in this condition for one year,
2. have acquired the prescribed service time,
3. do not work regularly, or have a salary that is considerably lower than the salary prior to becoming disabled.
The minimum service (insurance) period required for entitlement varies according to age.
Disabled people fall into three categories:
Those in disability group III have lost at least 67% of working capacity, but are not completely incapable of working.
Those in disability group II have completely lost (100%) capacity to work, but do not require constant care by others.
Those in disability group I have completely lost the capacity to work (100%) and require constant care by others.
Anyone whose deceased spouse or partner acquired the necessary insurance period for old-age or disability pension, or who died as an old-age or disability pensioner, is entitled to a widow’s pension. A partner is only entitled to a widow’s pension if he/she lived with his/her partner until his/her death for at least one year without interruption and they had a child, or they lived together without interruption for 10 years.
A child whose parent acquired the necessary service time for old-age or disability pension by the time of his/her death, or died as an old-age or disability pensioner, is entitled to an orphan’s benefit. Orphan’s benefit – provided the entitlement conditions are met – is due at the earliest from the date on which the parent died, until the child reaches the age of 16. If the child studies at the daytime branch of an educational institution, an orphan’s benefit will be due for the duration of studies, though not after reaching the age of 25.
The conditions for entitlement to accident disability pension are completely identical to those for disability pension, though clearly with the difference that the 67% reduction in working capacity was the result of industrial accident or occupational disease.
Parents whose children died after acquiring the necessary service time for old-age or disability pension, or who died as old-age or disability pensioners, are entitled to parent’s benefit if the parent is disabled at the time of the child’s death, or has reached the age of 65, and the parent was largely dependent on the child for one year prior to his/her death.
Since 2006 each pensioner is paid a 13th month pension amounting to 100% of their pension (except for the temporary widow’s pension).
